Higher education advocates praised the ruling, while the agency promised to immediately challenge the preliminary injunction.
Thousands of foreign students attending Harvard must now "transfer or lose their legal status," according to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
During a budget hearing, some Republicans indicated support for dismantling the agency, while Democrats panned the proposed cuts.
Every type of higher ed institution and most U.S. states saw headcount gains, new data from the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center found.